IRS Code Section Sec. 6103. Confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return

This comes from the US tax code regarding agricultural something or other. Use it to fall asleep if you can. I hope you don't get past the opening page. And if you get past the whole entry maybe check another post but after that, drink some warm milk and count sheep. Also start considering a career in Tax Law...

-CITE-
26 USC Sec. 6103 01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
TITLE 26 - INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
Subtitle F - Procedure and Administration
CHAPTER 61 - INFORMATION AND RETURNS
Subchapter B - Miscellaneous Provisions

-HEAD-
Sec. 6103. Confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return
information

-STATUTE-
(a) General rule
Returns and return information shall be confidential, and except
as authorized by this title -
(1) no officer or employee of the United States,
(2) no officer or employee of any State, any local law
enforcement agency receiving information under subsection
(i)(7)(A), any local child support enforcement agency, or any
local agency administering a program listed in subsection
(l)(7)(D) who has or had access to returns or return information
under this section, and
(3) no other person (or officer or employee thereof) who has or
had access to returns or return information under subsection
(e)(1)(D)(iii), paragraph (6), (12), (16), (19), or (20) of
subsection (l), paragraph (2) or (4)(B) of subsection (m), or
subsection (n),

shall disclose any return or return information obtained by him in
any manner in connection with his service as such an officer or an
employee or otherwise or under the provisions of this section. For
purposes of this subsection, the term "officer or employee"
includes a former officer or employee. Read More »

January 9th, 2008 / 1334 Comments / Tags: Tax Code, IRS, Law, Words

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

This is an excerpt from "The Tree of Life Web Project". It is guaranteed to put the large majority of you to sleep. Goodnight in advance.

The kingdom Fungi is a diverse clade of heterotrophic organisms that shares some characters with animals such as chitinous structures, storage of glycogen, and mitochondrial codon UGA encoding tryptophan. Both animals and fungi have spores or gametes with a single smooth, posteriorly inserted flagellum, but only species of the basal chytrid phyla have retained this primitive character (Barr, 1992; Cavalier-Smith, 1987, 1995). Fungi, animals, and other heterotrophic protist-like organisms such as choanoflagellates and Mesomycetozoea are now considered part of the larger group termed opisthokonts (Cavalier-Smith, 1987) in reference to the posterior flagellum.

The branch uniting the fungi and animals is well-supported based on a number of molecular phylogenetic datasets, including the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (Wainwright et al., 1993; Bruns et al. 1993), unique and shared sequence insertions in proteins such as elongation factor 1α (Baldauf and Palmer, 1993), entire mitochondrial genomes (Lang et al., 2002), and concatenated protein-coding genes (Steenkamp et al., 2006). Read More » January 13th, 2008 / 35696 Comments / Tags: Daily Bore, science, biology, words

Syndesmology, Gray's Anatomy

The following is a selection of text about cartilage from Gray's Anatomy 1918. Hopefully you won't find this terribly interesting and it will put you to sleep quickly.

THE BONES of the skeleton are joined to one another at different parts of their surfaces, and such connections are termed Joints or Articulations. Where the joints are immovable, as in the articulations between practically all the bones of the skull, the adjacent margins of the bones are almost in contact, being separated merely by a thin layer of fibrous membrane, named the sutural ligament. In certain regions at the base of the skull this fibrous membrane is replaced by a layer of cartilage. Where slight movement combined with great strength is required, the osseous surfaces are united by tough and elastic fibrocartilages, as in the joints between the vertebral bodies, and in the interpubic articulation. In the freely movable joints the surfaces are completely separated; the bones forming the articulation are expanded for greater convenience of mutual connection, covered by cartilage and enveloped by capsules of fibrous tissue. The cells lining the interior of the fibrous capsule form an imperfect membrane—the synovial membrane—which secretes a lubricating fluid. The joints are strengthened by strong fibrous bands called ligaments, which extend between the bones forming the joint. Read More » January 13th, 2008 / 2145 Comments / Tags: science, words, medical